Module 5: Energy Storage Technologies and Grid Applications
This module focuses on the critical role of energy storage in enabling reliable, flexible, and efficient smart grid operations. Students will examine different storage technologies, their operating principles, performance metrics, and applications for balancing supply-demand variability in renewable-rich grids. The module also discusses system sizing, integration, and lifecycle considerations.
Topics Covered
- Overview of energy storage needs in smart grids
- Electrochemical storage: lithium-ion, sodium-sulfur, and flow batteries
- Mechanical storage: flywheels, compressed air, and pumped hydro
- Thermal energy storage and hybrid solutions
- Key performance indicators: efficiency, response time, depth of discharge
- Battery management systems (BMS) and safety standards
- Integration of storage with renewable generation and microgrids
- Economic analysis and lifecycle assessment of storage systems
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operating principles and characteristics of major energy storage technologies.
- Assess the suitability of different storage options for various smart grid applications.
- Model the performance and degradation behavior of energy storage systems.
- Evaluate cost, reliability, and sustainability aspects of storage deployment.
Suggested Learning Activities
- Analyze performance data of lithium-ion batteries under different load profiles.
- Design a storage system for peak-shaving and load-leveling applications.
- Conduct a cost-benefit analysis comparing battery and pumped-hydro systems.
Recommended Reading
- Chen, H., et al. (2009). “Progress in Electrical Energy Storage System: A Critical Review.” Progress in Natural Science.
- Beaudin, M., et al. (2010). “Energy Storage for Mitigating the Variability of Renewable Electricity Sources.” Energy Sustainability and Society.
- IEC 62933 Standards: Electrical Energy Storage Systems – General Framework.